Selective activity of diselenides against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Aedes aegypti (L.) is the major vector of arboviruses that causes serious public health concerns in tropical and subtropical countries. METHODS: We examined the larvicidal activity of 1,2-diphenyldiselenide [(PhSe)2] and 1,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) diselenide [(p-ClPhSe)2] and determine its toxicity to different non-target organisms. RESULTS: (PhSe)2 and (p-ClPhSe)2 killed Ae. aegypti L3 larvae with LC50/24h values of 65.63 µM (20.48 mg/L) and 355.19 µM (135.33 mg/L), respectively. (PhSe)2 was not toxic to the four model organisms. CONCLUSIONS: (PhSe)2 is a larvicidal compound with selective action against Ae. aegypti larvae. The mechanisms of action of (PhSe)2 under field conditions remain to be investigated.

Immunological and Morphological substantiation of the use of dental stick with biopharmaceuticals in the complex therapy of inflammatory periodontal diseases

Aim of the study: clinical, immunological and morphological substantiation of the use of a dental stick with biopharmaceuticals in the complex therapy of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Research methods: leukocyte migration test, cytograms, the study of quantitative and qualitative content of spontaneously released mixed saliva, measurement of the total content of protein, the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and lysozyme in it. Clinical improvement of the periodontal tissues condition after treatment by 77% was registered. OHI-S (hygienic index), PI (periodontal disease index), PMA (papillary-marginal-alveolar index) were 7.5, 3.4, and 8.7 times lower, respectively, compared to the pre-treatment group. The depth of periodontal pockets decreased 2.6-3.4 times, the number of sessions per treatment course was reduced to 3-8 visits to the doctor. The amount of mixed saliva (in comparison with the initial data) increased 2.7 times, normal levels were restored and were 1.2 ml higher than control indicators. Protein levels, lysozyme and sIgA concentrations increased and exceeded the pre-treatment level 1.8 times and by 44.5%, respectively. Cytograms data revealed that the number of red blood cells (in one field of view) in the gingiva specimens in inflammatory periodontal diseases (IPD) patients was 2.3 times lower, count of leukocytes with signs of destruction was 13.4 lower and intact leukocyte count was 3.8 times lower. Lymphocyte count was 2 times lower, indicating that the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues was reduced as a re sult of the reduction of the microbial burden: staphylococci and actinomycetes were detected 3 times less often, diplococci ­ 3.5 times less often, filamentous bacteria and streptococci ­ 4 times less often, protists ­ 5 times less often, respectively. The number of cocci microcolonies was 2.7 times higher. The number of fibroblasts (in one field of view) increased threefold, the content of collagen filaments of the normally oriented structure increased 1.4 times, compared to the original data, which indicated the formation of favorable conditions for healing and reparative regeneration processes. The results of the study showed that the use of a dental stick during local IPD therapy is an effective way of correcting changes in clinical and laboratory indicators of local immunity and that dental stick is a promising new dosage form in practical periodontology.